Information
One of the most important security tools for data protection on macOS is FileVault. With encryption in place it makes it difficult for an outside party to access your data if they get physical possession of the computer. One very large weakness in data protection with FileVault is the level of protection on backup volumes. If the internal drive is encrypted but the external backup volume that goes home in the same laptop bag is not, it is self-defeating. Apple tries to make this mistake easily avoided by providing a checkbox to enable encryption when setting up a Time Machine backup. Using this option does require some password management, particularly if a large drive is used with multiple computers. A unique, complex password to unlock the drive can be stored in keychains on multiple systems for ease of use.
While some portable drives may contain non-sensitive data and encryption may make interoperability with other systems difficult, backup volumes should be protected just like boot volumes.
Rationale:
Backup volumes need to be encrypted.
Solution
Graphical Method:
Perform the following steps to enable encryption on the Time Machine drive:
Open 'System Preferences
Select 'Time Machine
Select Backup Disk...
Select the existing Time Machine backup drive from the Available Drive list
Set Encrypt backups to enabled
Select Use Disk
Note: You can set encryption through Disk Utility or /usr/bin/sudo /usr/sbin/diskutil in terminal, but it is advised to use the GUI.