Detections
Analytics
5.4 Ensure 'SQL Server Audit' is set to capture both 'failed' and 'successful logins'
Information
SQL Server Audit is capable of capturing both failed and successful logins and writing them to one of three places: the application event log, the security event log, or the file system. We will use it to capture any login attempt to SQL Server, as well as any attempts to change audit policy, changes in privileged role memberships and changes to server settings. This will also serve to be a second source to record failed login attempts.Rationale:
By utilizing Audit instead of the traditional setting under the Security tab to capture successful logins, we reduce the noise in the ERRORLOG. This keeps it smaller and easier to read for DBAs who are attempting to troubleshoot issues with the SQL Server. Also, the Audit object can write to the security event log, though this requires operating system configuration. This gives an additional option for where to store login events, especially in conjunction with an SIEM.
Impact:
With the previous recommendation, only failed logins are captured. If the Audit object is not implemented with the appropriate setting, SQL Server will not capture successful logins, which might prove of use for forensics.
Solution
For AWS RDS Instances, please refer to the documentation for configuring SQL Server Audit here: SQL Server AuditPerform either the GUI or T-SQL method shown:
GUI Method
Expand the SQL Server in Object Explorer.
Expand the Security Folder
Right-click on the Audits folder and choose New Audit...
Specify a name for the Server Audit.
Specify the audit destination details and then click OK to save the Server Audit.
Right-click on Server Audit Specifications and choose New Server Audit Specification...
Name the Server Audit Specification
Select the just created Server Audit in the Audit drop-down selection.
Click the drop-down under Audit Action Type and select AUDIT_CHANGE_GROUP.
Click the new drop-down Audit Action Type and select FAILED_LOGIN_GROUP.
Click the new drop-down under Audit Action Type and select SUCCESSFUL_LOGIN_GROUP.
Click the new drop-down under Audit Action Type and select DATABASE_ROLE_MEMBER_CHANGE_GROUP.
Click the new drop-down under Audit Action Type and select SERVER_ROLE_MEMBER_CHANGE_GROUP.
Click the new drop-down under Audit Action Type and select SERVER_OPERATION_GROUP.
Click the new drop-down under Audit Action Type and select SUCCESSFUL_DATABASE_AUTHENTICATION_GROUP.
Click the new drop-down under Audit Action Type and select FAILED_DATABASE_AUTHENTICATION_GROUP.
Click OK to save the Server Audit Specification.
Right-click on the new Server Audit Specification and select Enable Server Audit Specification.
Right-click on the new Server Audit and select Enable Server Audit.
T-SQL Method
Execute code similar to:
CREATE SERVER AUDIT TrackLogins
TO APPLICATION_LOG;
GO
CREATE SERVER AUDIT SPECIFICATION TrackAllLogins
FOR SERVER AUDIT TrackLogins
ADD (FAILED_LOGIN_GROUP),
ADD (SUCCESSFUL_LOGIN_GROUP),
ADD (AUDIT_CHANGE_GROUP),
ADD (DATABASE_ROLE_MEMBER_CHANGE_GROUP),
ADD (SERVER_ROLE_MEMBER_CHANGE_GROUP),
ADD (SERVER_OPERATION_GROUP),
ADD (SUCCESSFUL_DATABASE_AUTHENTICATION_GROUP),
ADD (FAILED_DATABASE_AUTHENTICATION_GROUP)
WITH (STATE = ON);
GO
ALTER SERVER AUDIT TrackLogins
WITH (STATE = ON);
GO
Note: If the write destination for the Audit object is to be the security event log, see the Books Online topic Write SQL Server Audit Events to the Security Log and follow the appropriate steps.
Default Value:
By default, there are no audit object tracking login events.
See Also
Item Details
Audit Name: CIS SQL Server 2022 Database L1 AWS RDS v1.1.0
Category: AUDIT AND ACCOUNTABILITY
References: 800-53|AU-3, 800-53|AU-3(1), 800-53|AU-7, 800-53|AU-12, CSCv7|4.9
Plugin: MS_SQLDB
Control ID: 4731215cd72e96572f161fd10b1afff287264219166cbca8fd7250dfb2dffd1c