The png_decompress_chunk function in pngrutil.c in libpng 1.0.x before 1.0.53, 1.2.x before 1.2.43, and 1.4.x before 1.4.1 does not properly handle compressed ancillary-chunk data that has a disproportionately large uncompressed representation, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory and CPU consumption, and application hang) via a crafted PNG file, as demonstrated by use of the deflate compression method on data composed of many occurrences of the same character, related to a "decompression bomb" attack.
https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/56661
http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2010/2491
http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2010/1107
http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2010/0847
http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2010/0686
http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2010/0682
http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2010/0667
http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2010/0637
http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2010/0626
http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2010/0605
http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2010/0517
http://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2010-0014.html
http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1023674
http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/38478
http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2010:064
http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2010:063
http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/576029
http://www.debian.org/security/2010/dsa-2032
http://ubuntu.com/usn/usn-913-1
http://secunia.com/advisories/41574
http://secunia.com/advisories/39251
http://secunia.com/advisories/38774
http://lists.vmware.com/pipermail/security-announce/2010/000105.html
http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2010-06/msg00001.html
http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2010-05/msg00002.html
http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2010-05/msg00001.html
http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2010-March/037607.html
http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2010-March/037364.html
http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2010-March/037355.html
http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2010-March/037237.html
http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2010//Nov/msg00000.html