Multiple integer overflows in the (1) strtod, (2) strtof, (3) strtold, (4) strtod_l, and other unspecified "related functions" in stdlib in GNU C Library (aka glibc or libc6) 2.16 allow local users to cause a denial of service (application crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via a long string, which triggers a stack-based buffer overflow.
https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201503-04
http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1589-1
http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1027374
http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/54982
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/08/13/6
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/08/13/4
http://sourceware.org/ml/libc-alpha/2012-08/msg00202.html
http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=14459
http://secunia.com/advisories/50422
http://secunia.com/advisories/50201
http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2012-1325.html
http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2012-1262.html
http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2012-1208.html
http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2012-1207.html
http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2012-August/085190.html