Multiple buffer overflows in X.org libX11 1.5.99.901 (1.6 RC1) and earlier allow X servers to cause a denial of service (crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via crafted length or index values to the (1) XAllocColorCells, (2) _XkbReadGetDeviceInfoReply, (3) _XkbReadGeomShapes, (4) _XkbReadGetGeometryReply, (5) _XkbReadKeySyms, (6) _XkbReadKeyActions, (7) _XkbReadKeyBehaviors, (8) _XkbReadModifierMap, (9) _XkbReadExplicitComponents, (10) _XkbReadVirtualModMap, (11) _XkbReadGetNamesReply, (12) _XkbReadGetMapReply, (13) _XimXGetReadData, (14) XListFonts, (15) XListExtensions, and (16) XGetFontPath functions.

The remote Redhat Enterprise Linux 5 host has one or more packages installed that are affected by multiple vulnerabilities that have been acknowledged by the vendor but will not be patched.

  - libX11: Out of Bounds write in XListExtensions in ListExt.c (CVE-2018-14600)

  - Multiple integer overflows in X.org libX11 1.5.99.901 (1.6 RC1) and earlier allow X servers to trigger     allocation of insufficient memory and a buffer overflow via vectors related to the (1) XQueryFont, (2)
    _XF86BigfontQueryFont, (3) XListFontsWithInfo, (4) XGetMotionEvents, (5) XListHosts, (6)     XGetModifierMapping, (7) XGetPointerMapping, (8) XGetKeyboardMapping, (9) XGetWindowProperty, (10)     XGetImage, (11) LoadColornameDB, (12) XrmGetFileDatabase, (13) _XimParseStringFile, or (14) TransFileName     functions. (CVE-2013-1981)

  - Multiple buffer overflows in X.org libX11 1.5.99.901 (1.6 RC1) and earlier allow X servers to cause a     denial of service (crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via crafted length or index values to the     (1) XAllocColorCells, (2) _XkbReadGetDeviceInfoReply, (3) _XkbReadGeomShapes, (4)
    _XkbReadGetGeometryReply, (5) _XkbReadKeySyms, (6) _XkbReadKeyActions, (7) _XkbReadKeyBehaviors, (8)
    _XkbReadModifierMap, (9) _XkbReadExplicitComponents, (10) _XkbReadVirtualModMap, (11)
    _XkbReadGetNamesReply, (12) _XkbReadGetMapReply, (13) _XimXGetReadData, (14) XListFonts, (15)     XListExtensions, and (16) XGetFontPath functions. (CVE-2013-1997)

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied on the package manager's report that the package is installed.

This update for xorg-x11-libX11 fixes the following issues :

  - a regression introduced by the security fix for     CVE-2013-1997 (bnc#824294). Keyboard mappings for     special characters on Non-English keyboards might have     been broken. (bnc#1019642)

Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description block directly from the SUSE security advisory. Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without introducing additional issues.

s700_800 11.31 X/Motif Runtime Patch : 

Potential security vulnerabilities has been identified with HP-UX running the X Windows Service libraries. These vulnerabilities could be exploited remotely to create a Denial of Service (DoS) or execute arbitrary code.

s700_800 11.11 X/Motif Runtime Periodic Patch : 

Potential security vulnerabilities has been identified with HP-UX running the X Windows Service libraries. These vulnerabilities could be exploited remotely to create a Denial of Service (DoS) or execute arbitrary code.

s700_800 11.23 X/Motif Runtime Patch : 

Potential security vulnerabilities has been identified with HP-UX running the X Windows Service libraries. These vulnerabilities could be exploited remotely to create a Denial of Service (DoS) or execute arbitrary code.

The remote Solaris system is missing necessary patches to address security updates :

  - Multiple integer overflows in X.org libX11 1.5.99.901     (1.6 RC1) and earlier allow X servers to trigger     allocation of insufficient memory and a buffer overflow     via vectors related to the (1) XQueryFont, (2)
    _XF86BigfontQueryFont, (3) XListFontsWithInfo, (4)     XGetMotionEvents, (5) XListHosts, (6)     XGetModifierMapping, (7) XGetPointerMapping, (8)     XGetKeyboardMapping, (9) XGetWindowProperty, (10)     XGetImage, (11) LoadColornameDB, (12)     XrmGetFileDatabase, (13) _XimParseStringFile, or (14)     TransFileName functions. (CVE-2013-1981)

  - Multiple integer overflows in X.org libXext 1.3.1 and     earlier allow X servers to trigger allocation of     insufficient memory and a buffer overflow via vectors     related to the (1) XcupGetReservedColormapEntries, (2)     XcupStoreColors, (3) XdbeGetVisualInfo, (4)     XeviGetVisualInfo, (5) XShapeGetRectangles, and (6)     XSyncListSystemCounters functions. (CVE-2013-1982)

  - Multiple integer overflows in X.org libXi 1.7.1 and     earlier allow X servers to trigger allocation of     insufficient memory and a buffer overflow via vectors     related to the (1) XGetDeviceControl, (2)     XGetFeedbackControl, (3) XGetDeviceDontPropagateList,     (4) XGetDeviceMotionEvents, (5) XIGetProperty, (6)     XIGetSelectedEvents, (7) XGetDeviceProperties, and (8)     XListInputDevices functions. (CVE-2013-1984)

  - Integer overflow in X.org libXinerama 1.1.2 and earlier     allows X servers to trigger allocation of insufficient     memory and a buffer overflow via vectors related to the     XineramaQueryScreens function. (CVE-2013-1985)

  - X.org libXi 1.7.1 and earlier allows X servers to     trigger allocation of insufficient memory and a buffer     overflow via vectors related to an unexpected sign     extension in the XListInputDevices function.
    (CVE-2013-1995)

  - X.org libFS 1.0.4 and earlier allows X servers to     trigger allocation of insufficient memory and a buffer     overflow via vectors related to an unexpected sign     extension in the FSOpenServer function. (CVE-2013-1996)

  - Multiple buffer overflows in X.org libX11 1.5.99.901     (1.6 RC1) and earlier allow X servers to cause a denial     of service (crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code     via crafted length or index values to the (1)     XAllocColorCells, (2) _XkbReadGetDeviceInfoReply, (3)
    _XkbReadGeomShapes, (4) _XkbReadGetGeometryReply, (5)
    _XkbReadKeySyms, (6) _XkbReadKeyActions, (7)
    _XkbReadKeyBehaviors, (8) _XkbReadModifierMap, (9)
    _XkbReadExplicitComponents, (10) _XkbReadVirtualModMap,     (11) _XkbReadGetNamesReply, (12) _XkbReadGetMapReply,     (13) _XimXGetReadData, (14) XListFonts, (15)     XListExtensions, and (16) XGetFontPath functions.
    (CVE-2013-1997)

  - Multiple buffer overflows in X.org libXi 1.7.1 and     earlier allow X servers to cause a denial of service     (crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via crafted     length or index values to the (1)     XGetDeviceButtonMapping, (2) XIPassiveGrabDevice, and     (3) XQueryDeviceState functions. (CVE-2013-1998)

  - Buffer overflow in X.org libXt 1.1.3 and earlier allows     X servers to cause a denial of service (crash) and     possibly execute arbitrary code via crafted length or     index values to the _XtResourceConfigurationEH function.
    (CVE-2013-2002)

  - The (1) GetDatabase and (2) _XimParseStringFile     functions in X.org libX11 1.5.99.901 (1.6 RC1) and     earlier do not restrict the recursion depth when     processing directives to include files, which allows X     servers to cause a denial of service (stack consumption)     via a crafted file. (CVE-2013-2004)

  - X.org libXt 1.1.3 and earlier does not check the return     value of the XGetWindowProperty function, which allows X     servers to trigger use of an uninitialized pointer and     memory corruption via vectors related to the (1)     ReqCleanup, (2) HandleSelectionEvents, (3) ReqTimedOut,     (4) HandleNormal, and (5) HandleSelectionReplies     functions. (CVE-2013-2005)

  - Multiple integer overflows in X.org libXp 1.0.1 and     earlier allow X servers to trigger allocation of     insufficient memory and a buffer overflow via vectors     related to the (1) XpGetAttributes, (2)     XpGetOneAttribute, (3) XpGetPrinterList, and (4)     XpQueryScreens functions. (CVE-2013-2062)

Multiple integer overflow flaws, leading to heap-based buffer overflows, were found in the way various X11 client libraries handled certain protocol data. An attacker able to submit invalid protocol data to an X11 server via a malicious X11 client could use either of these flaws to potentially escalate their privileges on the system.
(CVE-2013-1981 , CVE-2013-1982 , CVE-2013-1983 , CVE-2013-1984 , CVE-2013-1985 , CVE-2013-1986 , CVE-2013-1987 , CVE-2013-1988 , CVE-2013-1989 , CVE-2013-1990 , CVE-2013-1991 , CVE-2013-2003 , CVE-2013-2062 , CVE-2013-2064)

Multiple array index errors, leading to heap-based buffer out-of-bounds write flaws, were found in the way various X11 client libraries handled data returned from an X11 server. A malicious X11 server could possibly use this flaw to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the user running an X11 client. (CVE-2013-1997 , CVE-2013-1998 , CVE-2013-1999 , CVE-2013-2000 , CVE-2013-2001 , CVE-2013-2002 , CVE-2013-2066)

A buffer overflow flaw was found in the way the XListInputDevices() function of X.Org X11's libXi runtime library handled signed numbers.
A malicious X11 server could possibly use this flaw to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the user running an X11 client.
(CVE-2013-1995)

A flaw was found in the way the X.Org X11 libXt runtime library used uninitialized pointers. A malicious X11 server could possibly use this flaw to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the user running an X11 client. (CVE-2013-2005)

Two stack-based buffer overflow flaws were found in the way libX11, the Core X11 protocol client library, processed certain user-specified files. A malicious X11 server could possibly use this flaw to crash an X11 client via a specially crafted file. (CVE-2013-2004)

Updated X11 client libraries packages that fix multiple security issues, several bugs, and add various enhancements are now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.

Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having Moderate security impact. Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base scores, which give detailed severity ratings, are available for each vulnerability from the CVE links in the References section.

The X11 (Xorg) libraries provide library routines that are used within all X Window applications.

Multiple integer overflow flaws, leading to heap-based buffer overflows, were found in the way various X11 client libraries handled certain protocol data. An attacker able to submit invalid protocol data to an X11 server via a malicious X11 client could use either of these flaws to potentially escalate their privileges on the system.
(CVE-2013-1981, CVE-2013-1982, CVE-2013-1983, CVE-2013-1984, CVE-2013-1985, CVE-2013-1986, CVE-2013-1987, CVE-2013-1988, CVE-2013-1989, CVE-2013-1990, CVE-2013-1991, CVE-2013-2003, CVE-2013-2062, CVE-2013-2064)

Multiple array index errors, leading to heap-based buffer out-of-bounds write flaws, were found in the way various X11 client libraries handled data returned from an X11 server. A malicious X11 server could possibly use this flaw to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the user running an X11 client. (CVE-2013-1997, CVE-2013-1998, CVE-2013-1999, CVE-2013-2000, CVE-2013-2001, CVE-2013-2002, CVE-2013-2066)

A buffer overflow flaw was found in the way the XListInputDevices() function of X.Org X11's libXi runtime library handled signed numbers.
A malicious X11 server could possibly use this flaw to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the user running an X11 client.
(CVE-2013-1995)

A flaw was found in the way the X.Org X11 libXt runtime library used uninitialized pointers. A malicious X11 server could possibly use this flaw to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the user running an X11 client. (CVE-2013-2005)

Two stack-based buffer overflow flaws were found in the way libX11, the Core X11 protocol client library, processed certain user-specified files. A malicious X11 server could possibly use this flaw to crash an X11 client via a specially crafted file. (CVE-2013-2004)

The xkeyboard-config package has been upgraded to upstream version 2.11, which provides a number of bug fixes and enhancements over the previous version. (BZ#1077471)

This update also fixes the following bugs :

* Previously, updating the mesa-libGL package did not update the libX11 package, although it was listed as a dependency of mesa-libGL.
This bug has been fixed and updating mesa-libGL now updates all dependent packages as expected. (BZ#1054614)

* Previously, closing a customer application could occasionally cause the X Server to terminate unexpectedly. After this update, the X Server no longer hangs when a user closes a customer application.
(BZ#971626)

All X11 client libraries users are advised to upgrade to these updated packages, which correct these issues and add these enhancements.

Multiple integer overflow flaws, leading to heap-based buffer overflows, were found in the way various X11 client libraries handled certain protocol data. An attacker able to submit invalid protocol data to an X11 server via a malicious X11 client could use either of these flaws to potentially escalate their privileges on the system.
(CVE-2013-1981, CVE-2013-1982, CVE-2013-1983, CVE-2013-1984, CVE-2013-1985, CVE-2013-1986, CVE-2013-1987, CVE-2013-1988, CVE-2013-1989, CVE-2013-1990, CVE-2013-1991, CVE-2013-2003, CVE-2013-2062, CVE-2013-2064)

Multiple array index errors, leading to heap-based buffer out-of-bounds write flaws, were found in the way various X11 client libraries handled data returned from an X11 server. A malicious X11 server could possibly use this flaw to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the user running an X11 client. (CVE-2013-1997, CVE-2013-1998, CVE-2013-1999, CVE-2013-2000, CVE-2013-2001, CVE-2013-2002, CVE-2013-2066)

A buffer overflow flaw was found in the way the XListInputDevices() function of X.Org X11's libXi runtime library handled signed numbers.
A malicious X11 server could possibly use this flaw to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the user running an X11 client.
(CVE-2013-1995)

A flaw was found in the way the X.Org X11 libXt runtime library used uninitialized pointers. A malicious X11 server could possibly use this flaw to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the user running an X11 client. (CVE-2013-2005)

Two stack-based buffer overflow flaws were found in the way libX11, the Core X11 protocol client library, processed certain user-specified files. A malicious X11 server could possibly use this flaw to crash an X11 client via a specially crafted file. (CVE-2013-2004)

The xkeyboard-config package has been upgraded to upstream version 2.11, which provides a number of bug fixes and enhancements over the previous version.

This update also fixes the following bugs :

  - Previously, updating the mesa-libGL package did not     update the libX11 package, although it was listed as a     dependency of mesa-libGL. This bug has been fixed and     updating mesa-libGL now updates all dependent packages     as expected.

  - Previously, closing a customer application could     occasionally cause the X Server to terminate     unexpectedly. After this update, the X Server no longer     hangs when a user closes a customer application.

This update of libX11 fixes several security issues. 

  -     U_0001-integer-overflow-in-_XQueryFont-on-32-bit-platfor     ms-.patch,     U_0002-integer-overflow-in-_XF86BigfontQueryFont-CVE-201     3-1.patch,     U_0003-integer-overflow-in-XListFontsWithInfo-CVE-2013-1     981.patch,     U_0004-integer-overflow-in-XGetMotionEvents-CVE-2013-198     1-4.patch,     U_0005-integer-overflow-in-XListHosts-CVE-2013-1981-5-13     .patch,     U_0006-Integer-overflows-in-stringSectionSize-cause-buff     er-.patch,     U_0007-integer-overflow-in-ReadInFile-in-Xrm.c-CVE-2013-     198.patch,     U_0008-integer-truncation-in-_XimParseStringFile-CVE-201     3-1.patch,     U_0009-integer-overflows-in-TransFileName-CVE-2013-1981-     9-1.patch,     U_0010-integer-overflow-in-XGetWindowProperty-CVE-2013-1     981.patch,     U_0011-integer-overflow-in-XGetImage-CVE-2013-1981-11-13     .patch,     U_0012-integer-overflow-in-XGetPointerMapping-XGetKeyboa     rdM.patch,     U_0013-integer-overflow-in-XGetModifierMapping-CVE-2013-     198.patch

  - integer overflow in various functions, integer     truncation in _XimParseStringFile() [CVE-2013-1981]     (bnc#821664, bnc#815451)

  -     U_0001-unvalidated-lengths-in-XAllocColorCells-CVE-2013-     199.patch,     U_0002-unvalidated-index-in-_XkbReadGetDeviceInfoReply-C     VE-.patch,     U_0003-unvalidated-indexes-in-_XkbReadGeomShapes-CVE-201     3-1.patch,     U_0004-unvalidated-indexes-in-_XkbReadGetGeometryReply-C     VE-.patch,     U_0005-unvalidated-index-in-_XkbReadKeySyms-CVE-2013-199     7-5.patch,     U_0006-unvalidated-index-in-_XkbReadKeyActions-CVE-2013-     199.patch,     U_0007-unvalidated-index-in-_XkbReadKeyBehaviors-CVE-201     3-1.patch,     U_0008-unvalidated-index-in-_XkbReadModifierMap-CVE-2013
    -19.patch,     U_0009-unvalidated-index-in-_XkbReadExplicitComponents-C     VE-.patch,     U_0010-unvalidated-index-in-_XkbReadVirtualModMap-CVE-20     13-.patch,     U_0011-unvalidated-index-length-in-_XkbReadGetNamesReply
    -CV.patch,     U_0012-unvalidated-length-in-_XimXGetReadData-CVE-2013-1     997.patch,     U_0013-Avoid-overflows-in-XListFonts-CVE-2013-1997-13-15     .patch,     U_0014-Avoid-overflows-in-XGetFontPath-CVE-2013-1997-14-     15.patch,     U_0015-Avoid-overflows-in-XListExtensions-CVE-2013-1997-     15-.patch

  - unvalidated index/length in various functions; Avoid     overflows in XListFonts(), XGetFontPath(),     XListExtensions() [CVE-2013-1997] (bnc##821664,     bnc#815451)

  -     U_0001-Unbounded-recursion-in-GetDatabase-when-parsing-i     ncl.patch,     U_0002-Unbounded-recursion-in-_XimParseStringFile-when-p     ars.patch

  - Unbounded recursion in GetDatabase(),
    _XimParseStringFile when parsing include files     [CVE-2013-2004] (bnc##821664, bnc#815451)

The remote host is affected by the vulnerability described in GLSA-201405-07 (X.Org X Server: Multiple vulnerabilities)

    Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in X.Org X Server. Please       review the CVE identifiers referenced below for details.
  Impact :

    A context-dependent attacker could execute arbitrary code with the       privileges of the process, cause a Denial of Service condition, or obtain       sensitive information.
  Workaround :

    There is no known workaround at this time.

This update of xorg-x11 fixes several security vulnerabilities.

  - Bug 815451- X.Org Security Advisory: May 23, 2013

  - Bug 821664 - libX11

  - Bug 821671 - libXv

  - Bug 821670 - libXt

  - Bug 821669 - libXrender

  - Bug 821668 - libXp

  - Bug 821667 - libXfixes

  - Bug 821665 - libXext

  - Bug 821663 - libFS, libXcursor, libXi, libXinerama,     libXRes, libXtst, libXvMC, libXxf86dga, libXxf86vm,     libdmx

This update of xorg-x11-libX11 fixes several security issues.

Bug 815451/821664

CVE-2013-1981 / CVE-2013-1997 / CVE-2013-2004

Ilja van Sprundel discovered multiple security issues in various X.org libraries and components. An attacker could use these issues to cause applications to crash, resulting in a denial of service, or possibly execute arbitrary code.

Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Ubuntu security advisory. Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without introducing additional issues.

freedesktop.org reports :

Ilja van Sprundel, a security researcher with IOActive, has discovered a large number of issues in the way various X client libraries handle the responses they receive from servers, and has worked with X.Org's security team to analyze, confirm, and fix these issues.

Most of these issues stem from the client libraries trusting the server to send correct protocol data, and not verifying that the values will not overflow or cause other damage. Most of the time X clients & servers are run by the same user, with the server more privileged from the clients, so this is not a problem, but there are scenarios in which a privileged client can be connected to an unprivileged server, for instance, connecting a setuid X client (such as a screen lock program) to a virtual X server (such as Xvfb or Xephyr) which the user has modified to return invalid data, potentially allowing the user to escalate their privileges.

The vulnerabilities include :

Integer overflows calculating memory needs for replies.

Sign extension issues calculating memory needs for replies.

Buffer overflows due to not validating length or offset values in replies.

Integer overflows parsing user-specified files.

Unbounded recursion parsing user-specified files.

Memory corruption due to unchecked return values.

Fix CVE-2013-1981, CVE-2013-1997, CVE-2013-2004.

Note that Tenable Network Security has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Fedora security advisory. Tenable has attempted to automatically clean and format it as much as possible without introducing additional issues.

Ilja van Sprundel of IOActive discovered several security issues in multiple components of the X.org graphics stack and the related libraries: Various integer overflows, sign handling errors in integer conversions, buffer overflows, memory corruption and missing input sanitising may lead to privilege escalation or denial of service.

ID	Name	Product	Family	Severity
198680	RHEL 5 : libx11 (Unpatched Vulnerability)	Nessus	Red Hat Local Security Checks	critical
97656	SUSE SLES11 Security Update : xorg-x11-libX11 (SUSE-SU-2017:0644-1)	Nessus	SuSE Local Security Checks	medium
86215	HP-UX PHSS_43690 : s700_800 11.31 X/Motif Runtime Patch	Nessus	HP-UX Local Security Checks	medium
86119	HP-UX PHSS_44188 : s700_800 11.11 X/Motif Runtime Periodic Patch	Nessus	HP-UX Local Security Checks	medium
86118	HP-UX PHSS_44149 : s700_800 11.23 X/Motif Runtime Patch	Nessus	HP-UX Local Security Checks	medium
80822	Oracle Solaris Third-Party Patch Update : xorg (multiple_vulnerabilities_in_x_org1)	Nessus	Solaris Local Security Checks	medium
79560	Amazon Linux AMI : libX11 / libXcursor,libXfixes,libXi,libXrandr,libXrender,libXres,libXt,libXv,libXvMC,libXxf86dga,libXxf86vm,libdmx,xorg-x11-proto-devel (ALAS-2014-452)	Nessus	Amazon Linux Local Security Checks	medium
79182	CentOS 6 : libX11 / libXcursor / libXext / libXfixes / libXi / libXinerama / libXp / libXrandr / etc (CESA-2014:1436)	Nessus	CentOS Local Security Checks	medium
78841	Scientific Linux Security Update : X11 client libraries on SL6.x i386/x86_64 (20141014)	Nessus	Scientific Linux Local Security Checks	medium
78411	RHEL 6 : X11 client libraries (RHSA-2014:1436)	Nessus	Red Hat Local Security Checks	medium
75052	openSUSE Security Update : libX11 (openSUSE-SU-2013:1047-1)	Nessus	SuSE Local Security Checks	medium
74028	GLSA-201405-07 : X.Org X Server: Multiple vulnerabilities	Nessus	Gentoo Local Security Checks	medium
67256	SuSE 10 Security Update : xorg-x11 (ZYPP Patch Number 8623)	Nessus	SuSE Local Security Checks	medium
67107	SuSE 11.2 / 11.3 Security Update : xorg-x11-libX11 (SAT Patch Numbers 7842 / 7935)	Nessus	SuSE Local Security Checks	medium
66818	Ubuntu 10.04 LTS / 12.04 LTS / 12.10 / 13.04 : libx11 vulnerabilities (USN-1854-1)	Nessus	Ubuntu Local Security Checks	medium
66798	FreeBSD : xorg -- protocol handling issues in X Window System client libraries (2eebebff-cd3b-11e2-8f09-001b38c3836c)	Nessus	FreeBSD Local Security Checks	medium
66629	Fedora 18 : libX11-1.5.99.901-3.20130524gita3bdd2b09.fc18 (2013-9151)	Nessus	Fedora Local Security Checks	medium
66609	Fedora 19 : libX11-1.5.99.901-3.20130524gita3bdd2b09.fc19 (2013-9079)	Nessus	Fedora Local Security Checks	medium
66602	Debian DSA-2693-1 : libx11 - several vulnerabilities	Nessus	Debian Local Security Checks	medium

Detections

Analytics

CVE-2013-1997

critical

Tenable Plugins

critical

medium

medium

medium

medium

medium

medium

medium

medium

medium

medium

medium

medium

medium

medium

medium

medium

medium

medium