sys/openbsd/stack_protector.c in libc in Apple iOS 6.1.3 and Mac OS X 10.8.x does not properly parse the Apple strings employed in the user-space stack-cookie implementation, which allows local users to bypass cookie randomization by executing a program with a call-path beginning with the stack-guard= substring, as demonstrated by an iOS untethering attack or an attack against a setuid Mac OS X program.
https://support.apple.com/HT205267
https://support.apple.com/HT205213
https://support.apple.com/HT205212
http://www.syscan.org/index.php/sg/program/day/2
http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1033703
http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2015/Sep/msg00008.html
http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2015/Sep/msg00005.html
http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2015/Sep/msg00001.html