expand.c in Exim before 4.83 expands mathematical comparisons twice, which allows local users to gain privileges and execute arbitrary commands via a crafted lookup value.
https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201607-12
https://lists.exim.org/lurker/message/20140722.152452.d6c019e8.en.html
https://lists.exim.org/lurker/message/20140722.145949.42c043f5.en.html
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1122552
http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-2933-1
http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2014-August/136264.html
http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2014-August/136251.html
http://git.exim.org/exim.git/commitdiff/7685ce68148a083d7759e78d01aa5198fc099c44