Git before 1.8.5.6, 1.9.x before 1.9.5, 2.0.x before 2.0.5, 2.1.x before 2.1.4, and 2.2.x before 2.2.1 on Windows and OS X; Mercurial before 3.2.3 on Windows and OS X; Apple Xcode before 6.2 beta 3; mine all versions before 08-12-2014; libgit2 all versions up to 0.21.2; Egit all versions before 08-12-2014; and JGit all versions before 08-12-2014 allow remote Git servers to execute arbitrary commands via a tree containing a crafted .git/config file with (1) an ignorable Unicode codepoint, (2) a git~1/config representation, or (3) mixed case that is improperly handled on a case-insensitive filesystem.
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8769667
https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/commit/928429c5c96a701bcbcafacb2421a82602b36915
https://github.com/blog/1938-git-client-vulnerability-announced
http://support.apple.com/kb/HT204147
http://securitytracker.com/id?1031404
http://mercurial.selenic.com/wiki/WhatsNew
http://git-blame.blogspot.com/2014/12/git-1856-195-205-214-and-221-and.html