readelf.c in file before 5.22, as used in the Fileinfo component in PHP before 5.4.37, 5.5.x before 5.5.21, and 5.6.x before 5.6.5, does not consider that pread calls sometimes read only a subset of the available data, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (uninitialized memory access) or possibly have unspecified other impact via a crafted ELF file.
https://usn.ubuntu.com/3686-1/
https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201701-42
https://github.com/file/file/commit/445c8fb0ebff85195be94cd9f7e1df89cade5c7f
http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/72516
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/linuxbulletinoct2015-2719645.html
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/linuxbulletinapr2016-2952096.html
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/bulletinjul2015-2511963.html
http://www.debian.org/security/2015/dsa-3196
http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-0760.html
http://php.net/ChangeLog-5.php
http://openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/02/05/13
http://mx.gw.com/pipermail/file/2014/001649.html
http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq&m=144050155601375&w=2