The overlayfs implementation in the linux (aka Linux kernel) package before 3.19.0-21.21 in Ubuntu through 15.04 does not properly check permissions for file creation in the upper filesystem directory, which allows local users to obtain root access by leveraging a configuration in which overlayfs is permitted in an arbitrary mount namespace.
https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/37292/
https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2015-1328
https://people.canonical.com/~ubuntu-security/cve/2015/CVE-2015-1328.html