The SHA-2 digest support in the sudoers plugin in sudo after 1.8.7 allows local users with write permissions to parts of the called command to replace them before it is executed.
https://www.sudo.ws/repos/sudo/rev/397722cdd7ec
https://www.sudo.ws/repos/sudo/rev/24a3d9215c64
https://www.sudo.ws/repos/sudo/rev/0cd3cc8fa195