The shadow-paging feature in Xen through 4.8.x mismanages page references and consequently introduces a race condition, which allows guest OS users to obtain Xen privileges, aka XSA-219.
https://xenbits.xen.org/xsa/advisory-219.html
https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201710-17
https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201708-03