In Mercurial before 4.1.3, "hg serve --stdio" allows remote authenticated users to launch the Python debugger, and consequently execute arbitrary code, by using --debugger as a repository name.
https://www.mercurial-scm.org/wiki/WhatsNew#Mercurial_4.1.3_.282017-4-18.29
https://www.mercurial-scm.org/repo/hg/rev/77eaf9539499
https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201709-18
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/07/msg00005.html
https://bugs.debian.org/861243
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2017:1576