The _bfd_generic_read_minisymbols function in syms.c in the Binary File Descriptor (BFD) library (aka libbfd), as distributed in GNU Binutils 2.31, has a memory leak via a crafted ELF file, leading to a denial of service (memory consumption), as demonstrated by nm.
https://usn.ubuntu.com/4336-1/
https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K62602089
https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=23952
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20190221-0004/