GNU patch through 2.7.6 is vulnerable to OS shell command injection that can be exploited by opening a crafted patch file that contains an ed style diff payload with shell metacharacters. The ed editor does not need to be present on the vulnerable system. This is different from CVE-2018-1000156.
https://www.debian.org/security/2019/dsa-4489
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20190828-0001/
https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201908-22
https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2019-13638
https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Jul/54
https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Aug/29
https://github.com/irsl/gnu-patch-vulnerabilities
https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/patch.git/commit/?id=3fcd042d26d70856e826a42b5f93dc4854d80bf0
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:4061
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:3758
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:3757
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2964
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2798
http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/154124/GNU-patch-Command-Injection-Directory-Traversal.html