Bitcoin Core before 24.0.1 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (daemon crash) via a flood of low-difficulty header chains (aka a "Chain Width Expansion" attack) because a node does not first verify that a presented chain has enough work before committing to store it.
https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/pipermail/bitcoin-dev/2019-October/017354.html
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Common_Vulnerabilities_and_Exposures