An inherited permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Monterey 12.0.1, Security Update 2021-007 Catalina, macOS Big Sur 11.6.1. A malicious application may be able to modify protected parts of the file system.
https://www.tenable.com/cyber-exposure/2021-threat-landscape-retrospective
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212872