QPDF 9.x through 9.1.1 and 10.x through 10.0.4 has a heap-based buffer overflow in Pl_ASCII85Decoder::write (called from Pl_AES_PDF::flush and Pl_AES_PDF::finish) when a certain downstream write fails.
https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202401-20
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/08/msg00037.html
https://github.com/qpdf/qpdf/issues/492
https://github.com/qpdf/qpdf/commit/dc92574c10f3e2516ec6445b88c5d584f40df4e5
https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz-vulns/blob/main/vulns/qpdf/OSV-2020-2245.yaml