CGI.escape_html in Ruby before 2.7.5 and 3.x before 3.0.3 has an integer overflow and resultant buffer overflow via a long string on platforms (such as Windows) where size_t and long have different numbers of bytes. This also affects the CGI gem before 0.3.1 for Ruby.
https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2021/11/24/buffer-overrun-in-cgi-escape_html-cve-2021-41816/
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220303-0006/
https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202401-27