An issue was found in the Linux kernel in nf_conntrack_irc where the message handling can be confused and incorrectly matches the message. A firewall may be able to be bypassed when users are using unencrypted IRC with nf_conntrack_irc configured.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WIq-YgQuYCA
https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/08/30/1
https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5257
https://lore.kernel.org/netfilter-devel/20220826045658.100360-1-dgl%40dgl.cx/T/
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/11/msg00001.html
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/10/msg00000.html