The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14.2. Processing an image may lead to arbitrary code execution.
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214036
http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Dec/9
http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/176536/macOS-AppleVADriver-Out-Of-Bounds-Write.html