Multiple memory corruption issues were addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14.2. Processing a maliciously crafted file may lead to unexpected app termination or arbitrary code execution.
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214036
http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Dec/9
http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/176535/macOS-AppleGVA-Memory-Handling.html