The issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14.4, macOS Monterey 12.7.4, macOS Ventura 13.6.5. An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system.
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214085
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214084
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214083
http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Mar/23