The issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14.6, macOS Monterey 12.7.6, macOS Ventura 13.6.8. An app may be able to overwrite arbitrary files.
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214118
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214120
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214119
http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jul/20