In PHP versions 8.1.* before 8.1.29, 8.2.* before 8.2.20, 8.3.* before 8.3.8, when using Apache and PHP-CGI on Windows, if the system is set up to use certain code pages, Windows may use "Best-Fit" behavior to replace characters in command line given to Win32 API functions. PHP CGI module may misinterpret those characters as PHP options, which may allow a malicious user to pass options to PHP binary being run, and thus reveal the source code of scripts, run arbitrary PHP code on the server, etc.
https://www.scmagazine.com/news/php-updates-urged-over-critical-vulnerability-that-could-lead-to-rce
https://securityaffairs.com/164302/breaking-news/php-critical-rce.html
https://thecyberthrone.in/2024/06/07/critical-rce-flaw-in-php-patch-it-cve-2024-4577/
https://www.php.net/ChangeLog-8.php#8.3.8
https://www.php.net/ChangeLog-8.php#8.2.20
https://www.php.net/ChangeLog-8.php#8.1.29
https://www.imperva.com/blog/imperva-protects-against-critical-php-vulnerability-cve-2024-4577/
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240621-0008/
https://cert.be/en/advisory/warning-php-remote-code-execution-patch-immediately
https://blog.orange.tw/2024/06/cve-2024-4577-yet-another-php-rce.html