The issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.7.5, iPadOS 17.7.6, macOS Sequoia 15.4, macOS Sonoma 14.7.5. An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system.
https://support.apple.com/en-us/122375
https://support.apple.com/en-us/122374