According to its self-reported version number, the instance of Zabbix running on the remote host is 5.4.x prior to 5.4.9. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities:

  - In the case of instances where the SAML SSO authentication is enabled (non-default), session data can be modified     by a malicious actor, because a user login stored in the session was not verified. Malicious unauthenticated actor     may exploit this issue to escalate privileges and gain admin access to Zabbix Frontend. To perform the attack,     SAML authentication is required to be enabled and the actor has to know the username of Zabbix user (or use the     guest account, which is disabled by default). (CVE-2022-23131)

  - During Zabbix installation from RPM, DAC_OVERRIDE SELinux capability is in use to access PID files in     [/var/run/zabbix] folder. In this case, Zabbix Proxy or Server processes can bypass file read, write and execute     permissions check on the file system level. (CVE-2022-23132)

  - An authenticated user can create a hosts group from the configuration with XSS payload, which will be available     for other users. (CVE-2022-23133)

  - After the initial setup process, some steps of setup.php file are reachable not only by super-administrators, but     by unauthenticated users as well. Malicious actor can pass step checks and potentially change the configuration of     Zabbix Frontend. (CVE-2022-23134)

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

The remote Debian 11 host has packages installed that are affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the dla-3909 advisory.

    -------------------------------------------------------------------------     Debian LTS Advisory DLA-3909-1                debian-lts@lists.debian.org     https://www.debian.org/lts/security/                         Tobias Frost     October 03, 2024                              https://wiki.debian.org/LTS
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Package        : zabbix     Version        : 1:5.0.44+dfsg-1+deb11u1     CVE ID         : CVE-2022-23132 CVE-2022-23133 CVE-2022-24349 CVE-2022-24917                      CVE-2022-24918 CVE-2022-24919 CVE-2022-35229 CVE-2022-35230                      CVE-2022-43515 CVE-2023-29449 CVE-2023-29450 CVE-2023-29454                      CVE-2023-29455 CVE-2023-29456 CVE-2023-29457 CVE-2023-29458                      CVE-2023-32721 CVE-2023-32722 CVE-2023-32724 CVE-2023-32726                      CVE-2023-32727 CVE-2024-22114 CVE-2024-22116 CVE-2024-22119                      CVE-2024-22122 CVE-2024-22123 CVE-2024-36460 CVE-2024-36461     Debian Bug     : 1014992 1014994 1026847 1053877 1055175 1078553

    Several security vulnerabilities have been discovered in zabbix, a network     monitoring solution, potentially among other effects allowing XSS, Code     Execution, information disclosure, remote code execution, impersonation or     session hijacking.

    As the version uploaded is a new upstrea maintainance version, there a a     few minor new features and behavioural changes with this version. Please     see below for further information.

    CVE-2022-23132

        During Zabbix installation from RPM, DAC_OVERRIDE SELinux capability is         in use to access PID files in [/var/run/zabbix] folder. In this case,         Zabbix Proxy or Server processes can bypass file read, write and execute         permissions check on the file system level

    CVE-2022-23133

        An authenticated user can create a hosts group from the configuration         with XSS payload, which will be available for other users. When XSS is         stored by an authenticated malicious actor and other users try to search         for groups during new host creation, the XSS payload will fire and the         actor can steal session cookies and perform session hijacking to         impersonate users or take over their accounts.

    CVE-2022-24349

        An authenticated user can create a hosts group from the configuration         with XSS payload, which will be available for other users. When XSS is         stored by an authenticated malicious actor and other users try to search         for groups during new host creation, the XSS payload will fire and the         actor can steal session cookies and perform session hijacking to         impersonate users or take over their accounts.

    CVE-2022-24917

        An authenticated user can create a link with reflected Javascript code         inside it for services page and send it to other users. The payload can         be executed only with a known CSRF token value of the victim, which is         changed periodically and is difficult to predict. Malicious code has         access to all the same objects as the rest of the web page and can make         arbitrary modifications to the contents of the page being displayed to a         victim during social engineering attacks.

    CVE-2022-24918

        An authenticated user can create a link with reflected Javascript code         inside it for items page and send it to other users. The payload can be         executed only with a known CSRF token value of the victim, which is         changed periodically and is difficult to predict. Malicious code has         access to all the same objects as the rest of the web page and can make         arbitrary modifications to the contents of the page being displayed to a         victim during social engineering attacks.

    CVE-2022-24919

        An authenticated user can create a link with reflected Javascript code         inside it for graphs page and send it to other users. The payload can         be executed only with a known CSRF token value of the victim, which is         changed periodically and is difficult to predict. Malicious code has         access to all the same objects as the rest of the web page and can make         arbitrary modifications to the contents of the page being displayed to a         victim during social engineering attacks.

    CVE-2022-35229

        An authenticated user can create a link with reflected Javascript code         inside it for the discovery page and send it to other users. The payload         can be executed only with a known CSRF token value of the victim, which         is changed periodically and is difficult to predict.

    CVE-2022-35230

        An authenticated user can create a link with reflected Javascript code         inside it for the graphs page and send it to other users. The payload         can be executed only with a known CSRF token value of the victim, which         is changed periodically and is difficult to predict.

    CVE-2022-43515

        Zabbix Frontend provides a feature that allows admins to maintain the         installation and ensure that only certain IP addresses can access it. In         this way, any user will not be able to access the Zabbix Frontend while         it is being maintained and possible sensitive data will be prevented         from being disclosed.  An attacker can bypass this protection and access         the instance using IP address not listed in the defined range.

    CVE-2023-29449

        JavaScript preprocessing, webhooks and global scripts can cause         uncontrolled CPU, memory, and disk I/O utilization.
        Preprocessing/webhook/global script configuration and testing are only         available to Administrative roles (Admin and Superadmin). Administrative         privileges should be typically granted to users who need to perform         tasks that require more control over the system. The security risk is         limited because not all users have this level of access.

    CVE-2023-29450

        JavaScript pre-processing can be used by the attacker to gain access to         the file system (read-only access on behalf of user zabbix) on the         Zabbix Server or Zabbix Proxy, potentially leading to unauthorized         access to sensitive data.

    CVE-2023-29454

        A Stored or persistent cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability was         found on Users section in Media tab in Send to form field.  When         new media is created with malicious code included into field Send to         then it will execute when editing the same media.

    CVE-2023-29455

        A Reflected XSS attacks, also known as non-persistent attacks, was found         where an attacker can pass malicious code as GET request to graph.php         and system will save it and will execute when current graph page is         opened.

    CVE-2023-29456

        URL validation scheme receives input from a user and then parses it to         identify its various components. The validation scheme can ensure that         all URL components comply with internet standards.

    CVE-2023-29457

        A Reflected XSS attacks, also known as non-persistent attacks, was found         where XSS session cookies could be revealed, enabling a perpetrator to         impersonate valid users and abuse their private accounts.

    CVE-2023-29458

        Duktape is an 3rd-party embeddable JavaScript engine, with a focus on         portability and compact footprint. When adding too many values in         valstack JavaScript will crash. This issue occurs due to bug in Duktape         2.6 which is an 3rd-party solution that we use.

    CVE-2023-32721

        A stored XSS has been found in the Zabbix web application in the Maps         element if a URL field is set with spaces before URL.

    CVE-2023-32722

        The zabbix/src/libs/zbxjson module is vulnerable to a buffer overflow         when parsing JSON files via zbx_json_open.

    CVE-2023-32724

        Memory pointer is in a property of the Ducktape object. This leads to         multiple vulnerabilities related to direct memory access and         manipulation.

    CVE-2023-32726

        Possible buffer overread from reading DNS responses.

    CVE-2023-32727

        An attacker who has the privilege to configure Zabbix items can use         function icmpping() with additional malicious command inside it to         execute arbitrary code on the current Zabbix server.

    CVE-2024-22114

        A user with no permission to any of the Hosts can access and view host         count & other statistics through System Information Widget in Global         View Dashboard.

    CVE-2024-22116

        An administrator with restricted permissions can exploit the script         execution functionality within the Monitoring Hosts section. The lack of         default escaping for script parameters enabled this user ability to         execute arbitrary code via the Ping script, thereby compromising         infrastructure.

    CVE-2024-22119

        Stored XSS in graph items select form

    CVE-2024-22122

        Zabbix allows to configure SMS notifications. AT command injection         occurs on Zabbix Server because there is no validation of Number         field on Web nor on Zabbix server side. Attacker can run test of SMS         providing specially crafted phone number and execute additional AT         commands on the modem.

    CVE-2024-22123

        Setting SMS media allows to set GSM modem file. Later this file is used         as Linux device. But due everything is a file for Linux, it is possible         to set another file, e.g. log file and zabbix_server will try to         communicate with it as modem. As a result, log file will be broken with         AT commands and small part for log file content will be leaked to UI.

    CVE-2024-36460

        The front-end audit log allows viewing of unprotected plaintext         passwords, where the passwords are displayed in plain text.

    CVE-2024-36461

        Direct access to memory pointers within the JS engine for modification.
        This vulnerability allows users with access to a single item         configuration (limited role) to compromise the whole infrastructure of         the monitoring solution by remote code execution.

    For Debian 11 bullseye, these problems have been fixed in version     1:5.0.44+dfsg-1+deb11u1.

    We recommend that you upgrade your zabbix packages.

    For the detailed security status of zabbix please refer to     its security tracker page at:
    https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/zabbix

    Further information about Debian LTS security advisories, how to apply     these updates to your system and frequently asked questions can be     found at: https://wiki.debian.org/LTS

    As stated above, this version is a new upstream maintaince release.
    Upstream's upgrade notes lists the following changes:
    (Changes not relevant for Debian bullseye have been omitted.)

    Upgrade notes for 5.0.11

        VMware event collector - The behavior of VMware event collector has been         changed to fix a memory overload issue.

    Upgrade notes for 5.0.31

        Improved performance of history syncers

        The performance of history syncers has been improved by introducing a         new read-write lock. This reduces locking between history syncers,         trappers and proxy pollers by using a shared read lock while accessing         the configuration cache. The new lock can be write  locked only by the         configuration syncer performing a configuration cache reload.

    Upgrade notes for 5.0.32

        The following limits for JavaScript objects in preprocessing have been         introduced:

        The total size of all messages that can be logged with the Log() method         has been limited to 8 MB per script execution.
        The initialization of multiple CurlHttpRequest objects has been limited         to 10 per script execution.  The total length of header fields that can         be added to a single CurlHttpRequest object with the AddHeader() method         has been limited to 128 Kbytes (special characters and header names         included).

    Attachment:
    signature.asc     Description: PGP signature

Tenable has extracted the preceding description block directly from the Debian security advisory.

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.

ID	Name	Product	Family	Published	Updated	Severity
158452	Zabbix 5.4.x < 5.4.9 Multiple Vulnerabilities	Nessus	CGI abuses	2/28/2022	6/5/2024	critical
208100	Debian dla-3909 : zabbix-agent - security update	Nessus	Debian Local Security Checks	10/3/2024	10/3/2024	critical

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