VIM before 6.3 and gVim before 6.3 allow local users to execute arbitrary commands via a file containing a crafted modeline that is executed when the file is viewed using options such as (1) termcap, (2) printdevice, (3) titleold, (4) filetype, (5) syntax, (6) backupext, (7) keymap, (8) patchmode, or (9) langmenu.
https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A9571
https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/18503
https://bugzilla.fedora.us/show_bug.cgi?id=2343
http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2005-036.html
http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2005-010.html